5xFAD小鼠表达人类APP和PSEN1转基因,共有五个与阿尔茨海默症 (Alzheimer's Disease, AD) 相关的突变:APP的瑞典型(K670N/M671L),佛罗里达型(I716V)和伦敦型(V717I)突变,以及PSEN1的M146L和L286V突变。5xFAD小鼠最初在B6SJL杂交背景上创建(此遗传背景小鼠的介绍见5xFAD (C57BL6xSJL))。然而,许多实验室更喜欢使用C57BL/6背景的小鼠,并且通过回交已经产生了自己的同源近交系。鼠来宝生物提供C57BL/6背景的5xFAD小鼠。
此文的描述是指杂合APP和PSEN1转基因小鼠。与杂合5xFAD小鼠相比,纯合小鼠表现出更严重的淀粉样病理;行为缺陷也更严重和/或具有更早的发病年龄(Richard et al.,2015)。
这些转基因小鼠是通过共注射两个编码APP(带有瑞典型K670N/M671L,佛罗里达型I716V和伦敦型V717I突变)和PSEN1(带有M146L和L286V突变)的载体,每个载体由小鼠Thy1启动子驱动制成的。转基因插入到单个位点Chr3:6297836 (Build GRCm38/mm10),不影响任何已知基因 (Goodwin et al., 2019)。最初杂交的B6SJL背景的小鼠已被回交至C57BL6小鼠至少五代。
当维持一个活体种群时,杂合小鼠可以与C57BL/6J小鼠进行繁殖。
繁殖策略
雄x雌:杂合 x C57BL/6J
雄x雌:C57BL/6J x 杂合
表型概览
观察到海马、皮质、丘脑和脊髓中的淀粉样斑块。
无数据。
12月龄时,第V层锥体神经元大约损失40%。
小胶质细胞增生和星形胶质细胞增生与淀粉样斑块相关。小胶质细胞增生与血管损伤相关。
与仅表达黄色荧光蛋白(YFP小鼠)的小鼠相比,5xFAD小鼠与表达黄色荧光蛋白(YFP小鼠)的小鼠杂交后,体感和前额皮质的锥体神经元的神经突(spine)密度减少,但海马区没有。
虽然可以在野生型小鼠的第V层神经元中诱导脉冲时序依赖性长时程增强(STD-LTP),但是同样的刺激流程会在5xFAD小鼠的神经元中诱导长时程抑制(LTD)。
空间工作记忆受损和焦虑减少在3至6个月之间出现并随着年龄加重。
表型详情
1. 5xFAD (B6SJL)。这是最初的5xFAD品系,为B6SJL杂交背景。
https://www.alzforum.org/research-models/5xfad-c57bl6
2. AD-BXDs。这个品系集合被创建用于研究遗传背景对淀粉样相关表型的影响 (Neuner et al., 2019)。在C57BL/6J近交背景下的5xFAD小鼠被交配到BXD参考集合——一系列由C57BL/6和DBA/2J衍生的重组自交系 (Taylor et al., 1999) 中。单独的AD-BXD品系可作为F1杂交子代从Jackson Laboratory获得。有关这些小鼠的更多信息,请参见Missing Ingredient: New Mice Model Alzheimer’s Genetic Variability 。
https://www.alzforum.org/research-models/ad-bxd
Jax资料:jaxmice.jax.org/strain/008730.html
Alzforum资料:www.alzforum.org/research-models/5xfad-c57bl6
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编辑:郑小来、宋小饱